Russell Brand Does Not Exist

            Some of you may have caught British comedian and actor Russell Brand’s cameo on The Simpsons on February 20.  What you may not have known is that the yellow “Simpsonized” cartoon image of Brand is, in fact, his original form.  The truth is that Russell Brand has no more reality than does Bart Simpson. 

            My friends, we have been victims of a hoax of mammoth proportions—Russell Brand does not exist.  The planes of his face, too smooth to be human, and the raster graphics of his tangled hair, unmistakably identify him as a simulacrum, an image conjured up by a computer.  In the following photographs, I will take you step by step through the irrefutable evidence that shows that Russell Brand is an animated computer-generated construct, like Schrek.  However, unlike Schrek, Russell Brand is infecting everything around him with his essential unreality. 

            Russell Brand originated in 2003 as a rough sketch on a cocktail napkin, recovered from the trash at London’s chic restaurant Nobu.  A source in the wait-staff indicated that Simon Cowell had just eaten there, fueling speculation he played a part in the conspiracy.  Brand was soon developed into a more realistic pen-and-ink portrait and eventually given a body, but for some years he remained incapable of fooling anybody. 

            His name is thought to have emerged as an inside joke among his creators—”Brand” being a reference to the identity of their creation: as hollow and meaningless as the Nike Swoosh.  Just as every criminal—Jack the Ripper, the Joker—leaves a calling card, so Russell Brand’s creators could not resist the temptation to “sign” their crime. 

            These creators (the plural is unavoidable, because we have unanimously rejected the idea of a single creator, some transcendental Leibnitz working in modest obscurity) grew emboldened after James Cameron’s Avatar showed that CGI characters could be convincingly lifelike.  They developed Russell Brand into a fully fleshed out facsimile and began inserting him into likely settings.  At first he only appeared in magazines, because still photography allowed more leeway in the illustration, but soon they felt confident enough to release video footage.  Next came appearances in feature films, including Forgetting Sarah Marshall and Get Him to the Greek.  

The Photographic Evidence: 

Russell Brand

This creature is being presented to us as a human being?  This isn’t, like, a proof-of-concept from some Hollywood special effects laboratory, meant to demonstrate the realism of its CGI animation?  Nice try, unknown conspirators.  It may appear human-like at a glance, but detailed analysis shows its flaws.  For example, in these two photos, notice the teeth, which experts believe have been photoshopped from a horse. 

In this next photo, notice the way the hair in front lies in smooth locks against the skull, whereas the hair in back stands up in an immense, tangled bouffant; the disjunction provides textbook evidence that two pictures have been combined.  Also notice the perfect V formed by the upper lip stubble. 

russell_brand

This next provides especially strong evidence of Russell Brand’s ersatz condition.  Whoever was responsible for this one was clearly not on their “A game” that day.  We know that the people behind Brand use a variety of methods to convince us of Brand’s reality; in this case, what I think we’re looking at is a wax sculpture, flanked by two paid actresses who may have been killed afterward, used to allow Brand to appear to interact with physical objects when time does not permit extensive postproduction studio work.  This may account for the blank eyes, the unnaturally featureless skin, and the obviously fake hair.  Notice too how the first three pictures showed Brand against blurred or nonexistent background, helping to disguise the wholly CGI images), whereas the fourth shows a background in focus; this is no doubt because it is an actual photograph of an actual object, the wax sculpture.

            No one should be surprised by this revelation.  In a world were dinosaurs and Transformers flourish onscreen, the only surprise is that CGI personages have not emerged sooner.  (Perhaps they have; who can say whether Russell Brand is truly the first simulacrum to masquerade as a human being, or only the first to be exposed?)  This raises the question: who else is a graphical representation?  A prime suspect is Brand’s own “wife,” singer Katy Perry.  A cursory analysis of her face would indicate, as a first approximation, an origin as a digital polygonal bitmap.  She also recently appeared on The Simpsons, albeit with much more convincing animation than her “husband.”  Is The Simpsons a vector of unreality, a “Patient Zero” of trompe l’oeil?  Other suspects include Miley Cyrus, Mark Zuckerberg (if you look closely, his appearance changes from image to image, sometimes quite drastically), Sarah Palin (fact: there is no record of her existence prior to 2008—anywhere), Kim Kardashian, Veronica Mars, and Justin Timberlake.  

            Is it a coincidence that, in the two years immediately prior to the first appearance of Russell Brand on that cocktail napkin, two movies involving CGI actors were released?  In 2001, Final Fantasy: the Spirits Within, a Japanese-American science fiction production, starred what was touted as the world’s first photorealistic CGI actor.  In 2002, there was S1m0ne, in which a Hollywood producer played by Al Pacino creates a digital actress who subsequently acquires a spurious reality in the minds of the public.  One of my informants speculated that this movie could have been used by the conspiracy to prepare mass opinion for the coming of Russell Brand and others of his ilk, similar to the way in which The Boys from Brazil was used to prepare the populace to accept the rule of an oligarchy of Hitler clones.  “I strongly feel someone is pulling a “S1m0ne” on us, if anyone has seen that movie,” he opined. 

            Who created Russell Brand, and for what purpose?  Does he represent merely the first stage in an invasion of simulacra that will eventually replace every human in the world with lifelike replicas capable of appearing in Us Weekly magazine?  Is there a connection with what is known in Tibetan mythology as a tulpa (“thoughtform”), a physical manifestation of mental energy?  We may never know the whole truth.

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Unter Klaus und Dunkelnacht.

“Unter Klaus, Unter Klaus, keep me safe.”

Your first Dunkelnacht. Papa helped you move your bedding but you took your favorite carved soldiers, holding them close enough to leave red spots where their edges pressed. The stone room is not as cold as the house above, but it is vastly more frightening. Down here passages cut through stone the way you cut through snowdrifts in winter. But no sun glows here, nor ever has. This is the land of the broken kobolds.

The stone room with your bed is brightly lit and the two doors have heavy bars. The buzzing scent of kerosene cuts through smoke and must. You don’t want to leave the room, but you have a task to do before you can go to bed.

Taking your papa’s glass outside you follow the rope down into darkness. You stand at the edge of the lantern light and look into the blackness, trying your best to walk forward. The kobolds are down there. Papa told you Unter Klaus would not let them get you so long as you’re a good boy, but what if you’ve done something wrong that you don’t know about? You’ve often been paddled for things you didn’t understand. When you turn your head you can see your breath clouding in the wan light.

“Unter Klaus, Unter Klaus, keep me safe!”

Squeezing the glass tight you step into the darkness, running the rope over your forearm until ten long steps in you find the spigot. The water that gushes out is icy cold and stinks terribly of metal. With all your will you force yourself to walk one foot at a time back to your room. You imagine the kobolds watching you in the dark with shining black eyes and your feet hiccup into a run. Only a little water spills.

You bar the door, still catching air in desperate gasps, still certain that the tiny feet of kobolds are filling your footprints.


Maulwurfstein is a small town straddling the border of Saarpfalz and Saarbrücken, themselves small districts sitting on the border of France in southwest Germany. You could say that the region has been politically active1 in much the same way that you can say that Mauna Loa is geologically active. The districts and towns have been traded back and forth between dukes and potentates for hundreds of years.

The exact date of the founding of Maulwurfstein — literally Mole Stone — is unknown, but its above-ground portions were built in the heyday of the Holy Roman Empire2. Based on markings in the underground it housed the Celts before the Roman invasion and the tunnels themselves might predate that.

The village of Maulwurfstein exists as two connected but separate towns. At one time the under town served as a way station for coal miners. The locals believed that the mines were inhabited by terrifying broken kobolds who kidnapped miners and took their place above ground in order to sire half-human children. All miners endured four days in the under town before they were allowed back into the village above.

In modern times the under town serves as a tourist attraction and cultural center. A gift shop sells locally crafted kitsch — hard candies, carved houses and kobolds and a wide variety of Unter Klaus dolls.

Every year on December 24th, Dunkelnacht festivities begin in the above town and wend their way into the tunnels and rooms below. Now there are tour guides for out-of-towners and even a couple of stone rooms to that you can rent.

A hundred and fifty years ago it was a more solemn affair. All the boys above the age of five were expected to spend the night alone in one of the family’s stone rooms.

They were given strict instructions to collect a cup of waste water, bar their room and put out all the lights. Good boys could count on Unter Klaus to protect them from the kobolds. The creatures were described in folklore as meter-high men with skin like anthracite and a ragged hole in their chest. Typical mine kobolds had a bright light where their heart would be3, but the broken kobolds had only the cavity where light had been. They whispered in the dark of the mines, even when they were being worked by miners. Only Unter Klaus could keep them at bay. Bad boys were not protected.

A good boy would find a cup of clean water where the arsenic-poisoned waste water had been. A bad boy would wake to a tug on his ankle. String tied by Unter Klaus trailed deep into the kobold tunnels. The tug meant they’d found it and were following the trail up to the secret door in the boy’s room. Once Unter Klaus tied them, the boys would be frozen in their beds and unable to light a lantern or candle. They could only wait in the dark for tiny cold hands to pull them away from home and hearth.

It was the great commercial illustrator Thomas Nast4 who fixed the popular image of Santa Claus as a figure of folklore and advertising in the American consciousness. The man invented huge swathes of visual metaphor that persist now a hundred years later. His iconic representations have remained a part of the national psyche, from Uncle Sam to the Donkey and Elephant. Before Nast drew Santa Claus, he was more likely to be seen as a lanky man in a ragged coat.

Gerhard Buell, another German immigrant, attempted to bring his childhood Christmas figure to the United States only a few years after Nast’s first Santa Claus on the cover of Harper’s Weekly. On December 20th, 1867 Buell illustrated a story for the Minneapolis Star-Tribune. His Unter Klaus appeared as a spidery half-man with stick-like arms and legs, long claws and the arched back of an angry cat. Unter Klaus, lit by the lantern of a terrified child, held a squirming kobold against the floor with one foot while preparing to tear its throat out. Held daintily above the fray is a cup of water.

“That is no jultomten! Why you are printing monsters for Jul?”

“When I was five, I saw Kertasníkir5 stealing the candles. This creature you have drawn is wrong.”

The story and its illustration were not popular. Shortly after publication, Buell and his three brothers returned to Germany.


With the covers pulled up tight you shutter the lantern and the room vanishes. In the dark your bedclothes shield you from the steel-eyes of the kobolds. You pull the covers over your head, but they are too warm for the stone room and soon the wet heat of your breath makes you pull them down again. Are the shapes moving within the blackness in your eyes or in the room? You rub your face and press on your eyes. The pressure makes green-purple trails through the darkness.

The fear is exhausting.

Down here, the darkness and silence are absolute. You can feel yourself floating. The emptiness becomes the surface of a lake, holding you up, drifting you. The darkness flows and drips. The sound growing louder and louder until you realize it is not a dream. It is a sound in the room with you.

Drip.

Drip.

Drip.

“Unter Klaus, Unter Klaus, keep me safe!”

Or is that a drip? You can’t tell. It could be something tapping very slowly. There’s a terrible scraping sound from the foot of your bed.

You know where the lantern is but you do not dare reach out for it. Whatever is there in the dark might be able to see you. So you hold as still as you can.

There is a sound like crunching through ice crust on deep snow, a hiss and a rumbling laugh.

Unable to stop yourself, you reach a shaking hand for the lantern and slide back its mantle.


  1. See History of Saarland.
  2. The Holy Roman Empire: Germany, from Flags of the World.
  3. Britten, Emma Hardinge – Ninteenth Century Miracles Page 32.
  4. From the Thomas Nast portfolio at the awesome Ohio State University Cartoon Library & Museum, Santa Claus in Camp.
  5. The Candle Beggar, from the Icelandic tradition of Yule Lads
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Sarah Palin is. . . Modesty Blaise

            It was a warm day in Washington DC, but Glenn Beck was perfectly comfortable in a dove-gray Ermenegildo Zegna suit, Brooks Brothers shirt, and Pierre Cardin tie as he stepped into the elevator and inserted the key that gave access to the 150th floor of the Vulpine Inc. skyscraper, which afforded sweeping views of the DC metro area.  Whenever his thoughts turned to Modesty Palin, he was filled with admiration and awe.  Here was a woman who, with only the help of John McCain and Rupert Murdoch, had clawed her way to the top of an organization spanning several continents.

            Beck went into the tastefully decorated inner sanctum, where Modesty Palin was negotiating with Chinese billionaires: “Oil and coal? Of course, it’s a fungible commodity and they don’t flag, you know, the molecules, where it’s going and where it’s not. But in the sense of the Congress today, they know that there are very, very hungry domestic markets that need that oil first. So, I believe that what Congress is going to do, also, is not to allow the export bans to such a degree that it’s Americans that get stuck to holding the bag without the energy source that is produced here, pumped here.”  (#1)

            “You have enlightened us, Palin-san.”  The Chinese billionaires bowed.  “May herons always steam-press your pantsuits.” 

            After the billionaires departed, Modesty Palin turned to Beck, her eyes flashing.  “Summon my secret stealth jet that travels at Mach 9.  Our spies have learned the location of the hidden lair of the mastermind known only as The Kenyan.” 

            Doffing his black-framed glasses and gesticulating them for emphasis, Beck said, “The jet is prepared, Princess.  And you’ll have a sidekick on this mission: Ron Paul.” 

            “Ron Paul?  He’s cool. He’s a good guy. He’s so independent. He’s independent of, like, the party machine, and I’m like ‘right on!’, you know, so am I.  (#2)”

            The Black House was a forbidding, spiky black castle built high atop the sinister mountains of Maryland.  The two freedom fighters shot up grappling hooks.  Reaching the top, they quickly KO’d the guards, the fearsome New Black Panthers.  Herr Doktor Paul pumped a round into a shotgun and delivered his catchphrase: “Let’s return America to the type of monetary system envisioned by our Nation’s founders, one where the value of money is consistent because it is tied to a commodity such as gold, bitch!  (#3)

            In the castle’s inner sanctum, lined with spears and shields in the Pan-African colors, hundreds of dashiki-wearing acolytes were chanting in front of a statue of Halie Selassie. 

            Then The Kenyan took the stage.  “Soon, we will realize our goal of destroying the Imperialist Amerikkkan Regime.  Only one thing stands in our way, namely, ‘these wonderful little pockets of what I call the real America, […] hard working, very patriotic, um, very, um, the pro-America parts of this great nation (#4).’  So far, only a few individuals who may not be book-smart but they have common sense, have divined our true plan—that health care reform will lead inevitably to a caliphate in America!  Ha ha ha!” 

            “Look, he’s reading off a teleprompter,” Modesty Palin read off a teleprompter.  Then she stepped onto the stage.  “Hey you,” she said.  “I’m about to go rogue on your ass!” 

            “Get her!” The Kenyan said to his henchmen. 

            Thirty second later, when Modesty Palin stood atop a mountain of the acolytes’ bodies, The Kenyan faced her, saying, “Your maverick kung fu is very powerful.  Now try my Rastifarian judo!” 

            They fought all over the castle.  Finally, when The Kenyan was dangling hundreds of feet above the ground from the girder of a construction crane, he begged for mercy, saying, “Spare me!  I’ll never try to reconstruct your way of life again!” 

            Then Modesty Palin unleashed a devastating witticism: “Buck up or stay in the truck!” 

            Screaming, The Kenyan fell to his death. 

            Back on the ground, they approached the body.  Reaching around the back of The Kenyan’s head, Modesty Palin removed a small gray box with an antenna.  It had been wired directly into The Kenyan’s brain.  “Just as I suspected,” she said.  “The Kenyan was only the puppet of another, even more sinister mastermind.  You betcha!” 

Coming Next Ish: Who is behind The Kenyan?  Is it the Communists?  The Nazis?  The Judeo-Commu-Nazis?  And are they in fact the employers of the unknown assassin who ritualistically murdered Christine O’Donnell and Sharon Angle in his quest for the lost Aztec amulet referred to in the Codex Mendoza only as “the Eye of the Lamestream Media”?  And why does the possibility there’s a traitor in Modesty Palin’s organization excite her so much? 

#1 Grand Rapids, Michigan, Sept 17, 2008

#2 MTV, Feb 5, 2008

#3 House of Representatives, Sept 10, 2002

#4 Greensboro, N.C., Oct 16, 2008

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The Zoological Revolution

            The field of zoology has recently been turned upside down by the discovery of free will in animals. 

            “It turns out that our previous understanding of animal behavior as being a product of genetic and environmental histories was simplistic and reductionist,” said prominent zoologist Stefan Nichtswisser.  ”A science that studied only the chemistry, anatomy, neurology, ethology, evolution, genetics, pathology, and biogeography of animals would obviously be inadequate.  Today, we realize that a science of animal behavior is only an appendage to a science of animal feelings.” 

            In the new paradigm, every action is caused by a feeling, which arises spontaneously from the animal’s innermost being.  For instance, the clustering seen in African water buffalo when confronted by lions turn out not to be a product of an interaction between predator and prey developed over millions of years of co-evolution—a naïve answer easily arrived at—but instead of the animals’ desire to be closer to each other at that particular moment.  Dr. Nichtswisser summarized it thusly: “Fear engenders solidarity in the buffalo, which leads to a sense of social cohesion, which may in turn cause a sense of agape for all living creatures, causing the buffalo to crowd together.”  The explanatory power of this theory is clearly much greater than the old one, focused on such crude, unsophisticated notions as natural selection or operant conditioning.  

            How foolish we were, scientists are now saying, to have paid so much attention to what animals did, when we should have been paying attention to what they were feeling.  If we want to change the way an animal acts, we must start by changing its feelings.  Clearly, changing an animal’s feelings is an easier and more direct task than the task it replaces, that of changing its behavior.  Every action has its cause in a feeling, the existence of which we can infer from the action.  

            In the past, it was debated whether conscious states of mind in the wildebeest or raccoon were epiphenomena—that is, secondary phenomena that occur alongside or parallel to a primary phenomenon but can in no way affect it.  The canonical example of an epiphenomenon is the reflection of a tree in a still pond; it would not exist without the tree, but it cannot possibly affect the tree.  Fortunately the cognitive revolution in zoology allows us to finally see that it is actually the behavior that is the epiphenomenon.  It turns out that the thoughts and feelings of the wildebeest or raccoon are the primary phenomena, and they give rise to the secondary phenomena of its behavior.  

            The new thinking makes the animal itself responsible for its behavior.  Previous theories absolved the animals of blame, thereby contributing to the many zoological problems plaguing our society.  As Dr. Nichtswisser noted, “Every theory changes the thing it describes.”  The new theory, by locating the cause of the animals’ behaviors inside the animals themselves, will restore a sense of personal responsibility to them.  By the way, it is definitely not a contradiction to say that animals are the sole causes of their own behavior, and, simultaneously, that promulgation of certain theories caused the animals to behave differently.  

            This change in zoological thinking parallels a recent change in the science of optics, when it was determined that the traditional description of a rainbow as being created by the refraction of light through tiny droplets of water suspended in the atmosphere is reductionist because it leaves out something important: the rainbow itself.  ”All the time we spent studying meterology and the physics of light was entirely wasted—we should have been looking at the rainbow itself.  That’s why I wrote a song,” said noted physicist Hans Dummkopf.  He began strumming a guitar and crooned: “Do not all charms fly / at the mere touch of cold philosophy? / Philosophy will clip an Angel’s wings / Conquer all mysteries by rule or line / Unweave the rainbow.  Well, something like that.  I haven’t worked out the kinks yet.”

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Random Thoughts on Star Wars Story-telling

Protagonists

            If George Lucas is to be believed, all six Star Wars movies comprise a single story: “The Tragedy of Darth Vader.”  Indeed, the addition of three prequel movies substantially devoted to Vader does shift the series’s center of gravity away from Luke.  Apparently, those Luke-Vader duels in Empire and Jedi were not primarily about Luke as we had naively assumed, but about Vader.  But what does this do to the story?  In the prequels, we see Anakin turn to the dark side.  By the time of the original trilogy, he has been evil for twenty years, and in the original trilogy we see him continue to be evil for several more years.  Then, at the last possible moment, as the Emperor is torturing Luke, Vader abruptly switches sides again and saves Luke.  So after being evil throughout four movies (Sith, New Hope, Empire, and 98% of Jedi) his sudden heel-face turn is supposed to redeem him sufficiently that he can go to Jedi heaven and appear alongside Yoda and Obi-wan in the closing moments of the movie.  It’s as if, in April 1945, Hitler had not committed suicide but instead, as the Russians were breaking into his bunker, put his hands up and said, “I’m sorry.  Okay?  I’m sorry.  I got carried away and took it too far.  But I’ve learned my lesson.  It won’t happen again,” and the Russians had replied, “Well, all right, you’re a pretty good guy after all.”  Note too that Vader is intervening to save his son.  It’s an open question whether Vader would have intervened had he and Luke not been related.  That would make it like the only reason Hitler apologized was because of a threat to Eva Braun.  When someone has self-interested reasons to make a change for the better, it diminishes the nobility of the act.  That doesn’t seem to have occurred to Lucas. 

            In the original trilogy, however, these things are not problems so much because Vader is a supporting character.  His redemption is only a minor part of Luke’s story.  Its purpose is to show that Luke was right in believing in the capacity of a villain to change; its importance is the effect it has on Luke.  Given this, it is accorded the proper amount of time relative to its place in the story.  Now Lucas would tell us that Luke is the supporting character in Vader’s story, that Luke’s coming of age is important only insofar as it provides an opportunity for Vader to reject the dark side.  That raises the question, why is Darth Vader granted so little screen time in his own movies?  If the series is a unitary whole, why is a character absolutely central to the prequels suddenly relegated to supporting character status in the originals?  And Vader’s secondary role in the original trilogy is not restricted to his much reduced screen time either; it extends to his character.  In the original trilogy, Vader’s character is static.  He does not change from the beginning of New Hope until the last five minutes of Jedi.  Whereas Luke changes a great deal.  In the original trilogy, this is not a problem; in fact, it is exactly as it should be.  Not every character need have an “arc.”  Some are just there to help or challenge the protagonist. 

            Vader’s arc in the original movies was a trajectory with just two points: a long line of evil with a short hook at the end when he turned good.  Whereas Luke’s has a lot of points of change: we see him as a whiny kid on Tatooine, then he successively witnesses the deaths of his aunt and uncle, blows up the Death Star, takes on a leadership role on Hoth, trains with Yoda, loses to Vader in the Cloud City duel, rescues Han, and finally defeats Vader at the end of Jedi.  His coming of age is the culmination of a long process.  On the other hand, Vader’s moment of redemption, while appropriate to its role in the original trilogy, is not sturdy enough to bear the weight the prequels place upon it.  

Structure

            Devoting the bulk of three whole movies to Luke’s maturation, while Vader remains static, and then claiming the series is really about Vader, is nonsensical.  To lift Vader’s redemption at the end of Jedi from a minor plot point to literally the climax of the entire series tilts everything out of balance. 

            The original trilogy has a traditional three-act structure, but no structure prevails over the prequel trilogy, much less over the series as a whole.  Lucas is evidently aware that the middle act in a three-act structure is supposed to be where the heroes’ fortunes are at their lowest ebb, but nothing like that happens in Clones.  The addition of the prequels distorts character and plot arcs through the series, especially when you consider the twenty year gap between the two trilogies when all of the characters apparently did absolutely nothing.  The original trilogy was never designed to have this colossal appendage grafted onto it, and it shows.  It creates a situation where characters that were important in the prequels inexplicably disappear for long periods (Palpatine, e.g., barely appears in New Hope or Empire).  Other characters are implausibly present at important events they have nothing to do with, or have bizarre connections to other characters (most notably, Darth Vader having built C-3PO).  It also creates opportunities for alternate character interpretations.  Someone on the Internet wrote an essay called “A New Sith; or, Revenge of the Hope,” in which he argues that the true heroes of the original trilogy were not Luke, Leia, and Han, but Chewbacca and R2-D2.  (http://km-515.livejournal.com/746.html)  And it’s actually plausible enough to consider.  But its plausibility only highlights the contradictions that the prequels have introduced into the series.  For instance, in Sith Chewbacca is a leader in the defense of his planet, but in New Hope he’s the co-pilot in a none-too-successful smuggling operation.  That Chewie was only inserted into Sith as a blatant act of pandering for fans too dense to notice the contradictions and implausibility it generated does not of course excuse it.  If the added facts and stories provided in the prequels make plausible an argument that Chewie is the real mastermind of the Rebellion, it’s only further proof, if more were needed, that the prequels ought never been made. 

Reversals

            In Hollywood script-talk, a reversal is simply anything that’s a surprise.  You thought So-and-so was a good guy, but he was really a spy or whatever.  In recent decades, reversals have undergone an arms race.  Movies like The Usual Suspects, The Sixth Sense, Fight Club, and others have increased audience sophistication about reversals, making it harder for writers to create genuine surprises.  Even that sort of This Changes Everything ending has become in this decade almost formulaic, to the point where a person can guess the twist based just on the trailer, without even having seen the movie, as someone of my acquaintance recently did for The Tourist

            The Star Wars prequels, however, are so incredibly linear and straightforward in this respect that it boggles the mind.  Not only do they lack today’s advanced reversals, they lack even the simple reversals of, say, early James Bond movies.  The lack of reversals is somewhat inherent in the plots Lucas chose to create, and the manner in which, I think, they were written. 

            Does Palpatine encounter even a single true defeat throughout the prequels, or even a minor setback?  Not really.  It might appear, because Palpatine seemed to be in close communication with the Trade Federation, that he was disappointed when they lost the battle at the end of Phantom Menace, but really he’s not.  The “plot” of Phantom Menace, such as it is, is that Palpatine is creating a crisis to advance himself politically.  Therefore it doesn’t matter to him whether the Trade Federation or the Gungans prevail in their battle, or if Anakin blows up the droid control ship, or whether Qui-gon and Obi-Wan kill Darth Maul or vice versa; either way, it still generates enough conflict that Palpatine can replace Valorum as chancellor.  It’s the same in the other two prequels, which all have basically the same plot; it’s the fact that they’re fighting, not who wins those fights, that is important to Palpatine.  Of course, it really sucks the tension out of your movie when it doesn’t matter which side wins the battles, but that’s what happens when your villain controls absolutely everything. 

            To have a reversal usually involves the writer having planned ahead.  Often some character must have been lying, or the audience must be misled on some point.  This never happens in the prequels.  With one minor exception, there are no secrets kept from the audience.  There is little evidence of “planning ahead” at all.  Instead, they seem to have been written exclusively via the method of “What should this guy say next?”  For instance (and here I owe acknowledgements to the scholarship of Mr. Plinkett), early in Phantom Menace, when the Trade Federation guys ask what to do about the Jedi that the Senate have sent as negotiators, Palpatine says, “Kill them immediately,” even though that is the exact opposite of what would help his plans, because why is the Senate going to vote no-confidence in Chancellor Valorum over his poor handling of the Naboo crisis if it doesn’t even know that there is a crisis?  Instead, simply because it’s an evil thing to say (and so we can have an action scene), Palpatine orders them killed.  When Palpatine, Qui-gon, Obi-wan, and Amidala are all together on Coruscant later in the movie, Palpatine doesn’t seem to recall that he ordered the two Jedi murdered a few days earlier.  Talk about awkward.  Maybe Palpatine doesn’t know, because he did order the Trade Federation guys to kill the Senate negotiators without knowing their identities.  I guess when you order the deaths of people without even knowing who they are, things like that can happen.  But if there was no point in killing Qui-gon and Obi-wan on Coruscant, what was the point of trying to kill them on Naboo a few days earlier?  Maybe he was trying to keep the Senate from discovering the situation on Naboo, but when Padme arrives to tell them all about it, they don’t believe her, and the two Jedi don’t even bother to show up to testify.  When Queen Amidala accuses the Trade Federation of malfeasance and they deny it, and Chancellor Valorum asks if she will defer her accusations until a commission can be sent to Naboo to ascertain the truth, everyone has apparently forgotten that the Senate already sent such a commission to Naboo in the form of the two Jedi.  This feels like classic “first draftism,” except Lucas never went back and made sure all the pieces hung together.  Or take the scene in Clones when R2-D2 flies.  Suddenly, because of their inability to construct a set that would allow R2 to get from one place to another by rolling, it’s revealed that he can fly, an ability he never showed before and will demonstrate only on one further occasion.  Lucas repeatedly paints himself into corners, then discovers magical new powers which just happen to be precisely suited to escaping from that situation. 

            There is one reversal in the prequels, when it is revealed that the one whom we’d thought the Naboo queen was actually a decoy.  But this is completely lame and has very little effect.  Its main effect is that it helps sway the Gungan leader to commit his support to the little battle.  (It also allows Padme to meet Anakin, but she could have easily accompanied Qui-gon into town without pretending to be a handmaiden—it wouldn’t increase the danger, as no one on Tatooine is likely to recognize her with or without her elaborate royal get-ups.)  The basic unimportance of this reversal is illustrated in the reactions of the Jedi.  When the subterfuge is revealed, Qui-gon and Obi-wan look at each other with expressions that say, “Huh, how ’bout that?”  It has been debated whether their expressions are intended to convey mild surprise, implying the Jedi were unaware of the trick, or smugness, implying that they were aware of it, but either way they don’t react much, because there is nothing much deserving of a reaction.  Both queens look and act exactly the same, so what does it matter which one is the real queen?  I’m reminded of a line in the Principia Discordia, where it says, “Mr. Matsumoto, famous Japanese, can swallow his own nose,” and then, a dozen pages later: “Retraction: it is not Mr. Matsumoto who can swallow his own nose; it is actually his brother, Mr. Matsumoto.” 

            The lack of reversals is, in addition to a product of a lack of planning, a product of plots in which not much is at stake.  Since Palpatine controls both sides in the war, Senate and separatists, whichever side wins, he will become Emperor.  When your villain controls both sides in the war, there is no reason to care about the outcomes of the battles, and since depictions of those battles occupy most of the running time of the movies, well. . .  Really, these aren’t even plots in the traditional sense of events in a cause-and-effect sequence, because there is little cause or effect.  In Phantom Menace, Palpatine has the Trade Federation invade Naboo, saying he will “make the invasion legal” by forcing Queen Amidala to sign a treaty, and when she escapes, he sends Darth Maul to capture? kill? her, but when she evades him and reaches Coruscant anyway, it results in the no-confidence vote that deposes Valorum and puts Palpatine into power anyway, which was exactly what he wanted to happen, even though everything he did was seemingly designed to prevent it.  But what if the Queen had signed the treaty right away, or if Darth Maul had succeeded in whatever he was trying to do when he encountered them on Tatooine?  No doubt those things too would somehow have resulted in Palpatine becoming chancellor.  Even thought all his plans backfire, Palpatine still triumphs. 

            None of the protagonists even grapple directly with the villain until the last third of Sith, that is, eight ninths of the way through the trilogy.  Thus you have two whole movies and most of a third where nothing the protagonists do really affects anything.  Large portions of Clones and Sith involve Obi-wan and Anakin trying to kill Count Dooku, and a long sequence in Sith involves Obi-wan trying to kill General Grievous*, but in neither case do their successes damage Palpatine’s plans.  Narrative interest comes when two sides are evenly matched, when the challenge faced by the heroes is daunting but just barely conquerable.  Practically any good action movie involves both heroes and villains experiencing both successes and failures, but there’s no back-and-forth struggle in the prequels.  Everything unfolds with total inevitability.  There’s no opportunity to create reversals because whatever happens, it somehow benefits Palpatine.  It appears he foresaw absolutely everything in the universe right up until the point where Vader threw him down a huge chasm that was inexplicably located in his throne room.  This is not the way to create engaging stories. 

Inconsistencies

            This is a minor point, but in New Hope, Obi-wan says, “A young Jedi named Darth Vader, who was a pupil of mine until he turned to evil, helped the Empire hunt down and destroy the Jedi Knights.”  This is not at all what we see in Sith.  Anakin is not directly responsible for the death of even a single actual Jedi in the prequels.  He does kill a bunch of children Jedi-in-training, but can that be what Obi-wan meant?  It certainly doesn’t involve any “hunting down”; the kids are just there, right where you’d expect them to be.  Anakin helps Palpatine kill “the oh-so-memorable character” of Mace Windu, but it is Palpatine who actually kills him and the three Jedi who accompanied him.  In the end the destruction of the Jedi corps is accomplished almost entirely by the clone troopers. 

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* I’ve tried to deal with these things seriously, but these names are unbearably stupid.

Categories: Analysis and criticism, Non-Fiction | 3 Comments

Writing Made Easy

            You are wanting to imitate esteemed writers of the past such as Dean Koontz, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, or Fritz the Cat, but you don’t know where to start?  Relax now.  Learn from me, your learned elder, how to write the easy way.  I am qualified to teach writing because I am the author of many famous instruction manuals about writing.  Whether your goal is writing a glorious paperback that will adorn a swiveling metal rack at an airport or a presentation for the big business client, writing is the way to do it.  People who do not learn to write will eat bitterness.  They are warned! 

            Utensils to write.  Prepare yourself with the right “tools.”  Something to write with: a pen, a feather, an acetylene torch.  Something to write on: a paper, a computer, a cup of Bai Hai Yinzhen Tea.  If using paper, be sure to orient the paper properly: i.e., write on the wide, flat surface, not on the edges.  People who write on the edges of the paper rarely score multi-million dollar publishing deals, and even when they do, the bulk of their earnings are eaten up by paper costs.  So think wisely. 

            Put the paper on something hard, such as an armadillo.  If using a computer, wear Mickey Mouse-style gloves to protect self from radiation.  Then comes time to write.  What to write.  What to write.  This is where it gets tricky. 

            Experts agree: writing is a series of letters.  Put the letters in the right order.  But what letters? 

            Know your apparatus.  There are many letters in the English language.  Some of these letters have names, such as “Randall Cuisinart” (after the famous inventor of the Cuisinart space shuttle).  Others are anonymous, such as this one letter that is on the left side of my keyboard that looks like the Four Pillars of Destiny pushing a baby stroller, in which rides an allegorical figure representing the People’s Revolutionary Will—nobody knows what this letter is called.  Either way, you have to know your alphabet.  If using a computer, some letters will be on the keyboard, but beware!  Some keys will fool you!  “SHIFT” is not a letter.  Nor is “CAPS LOCK.”  Most of the letters you want to use are grouped in the center of the keyboard, but do not rely on them overmuch.  If you do, you will be restricted to writing unpopular words like “fjg” and “ghg” and “fgh.”  You will not be popular if you write only these words.  There are also letters that are not on the keyboard, such as the “shmoo.”  It is imperative to use the shmoo in many important words. 

            If you are not using a computer, you will have to remember all the letters using your mind.  This is impossible—there are too many!  But if you have no choice, try to memorize a few “old favorites,” such as the “3.”  If pressed, just say it is a backwards “E” and all is forgiven. 

            Assemblage of letters.  When letters are grouped, they are called “words.”  Some words are: “ur,” “lol,” and “SRSLY!”  But careful!  Without constant vigilance, words can dissolve back into their constituent letters.  Hyphenated words are especially likely to break at their weak spot: the hyphen.  If your words fall off the page, do not step on them—they may gum up the treads of your shoe, thus making it slippery to walk.  Instead, coax them back onto the page with promises of two-for-one Mai Tais. 

            Assemble words until you have 90,000 of them.  Then take a break to ingest consumables.  Plot points may be resolved with an Ouija board.  Advanced students are encouraged to experiment with such concepts as “paragraphs” and “punctuation.” 

            Others.  Not all wish to write the best books such as native English-speaking A. E. van Vogt’s World of Null-A, which contains the line: “His leveling off on a basis of unqualified boldness permitted no prolonged time gap.”  Fortunately, there are other types of writing forms. 

            Business presentations: Wear a suit and try not to drool; at least, not on other people. 

            The Poetry: This is to be avoided.  You never will score a million dollars with the poetry. 

            Romance: Put Fabio on the cover and your name embossed in gold.  Serves 50 million satisfied readers.  Rinse and repeat. 

            Final tips.  To be a writer, you must do two things: get a top name to blurb your book, and appear on talk shows with celebs.  Try to have no arms or something—readers will be more impressed if they know you wrote the book without arms.  Otherwise, try to look like Tom Cruise.  For that, I cannot help you, but good plastic surgeons can be found through the yellow pages in Tijuana or Kuala Lumpur.  In the meanwhile, follow my simple steps and writing can be exxxkd#3x@%£*¥&!

Categories: Fiction, Writing | Leave a comment

DIY Comedy Kit

Hey Kids!  After college, when we were idealistic Young Turks keen to set the world on fire, our artistic movement failed after a typo caused the Paris Review to publish, rather than our manifesto, our manifest, i.e., a list or invoice of the passengers or goods being carried by a commercial vehicle or ship.  Lacking literary street cred after the fiasco, we were forced to go to work for Amalgamated Corporation writing ad copy and instruction manuals for big wheel trikes, easy-bake ovens, and man-portable anti-tank guided missiles like the FGM-148 Javelin.  It’s not funny, it’s real—as real as Bugs Bunny waking up broke and alone in some shabby SRO hotel downtown, needle tracks in his arm, wondering where his life went. You’re not Napoleon, Bugs.  You never were.  

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Ever wanted to be the life of the party?  Do you dream of one day being blurbed as “America’s foremost absurdist” by an obscure pop culture authority like Chuck Klosterman or Neal Pollack?  Of finding remaindered copies of your book, featuring an Annie Leibovitz of you dressed in ironic clothing on the dust jacket, in some bargain bin at K-mart?  Now those dreams can become reality with Amalgamated’s Do-it-Yourself Comedy Kit™.  Just mix and match these hilarious one-liners, gags, spoofs, parodies, and satires and begin performing today (Amalgamated not responsible for any resulting injury, depression, ostracism, or dementia): 

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Help!  I’m trapped in a world I never made!

A man and his son were in a car crash.  The man was killed instantly and the boy was rushed to the hospital, but the surgeon said, “I cannot operate on his boy, for I am strung out on meth!  Also I never attended medical school and have been faking it all these years!”   

I recently translated a book from Japanese to English.  Since I don’t know any Japanese, I translated every word as “Yikes!,” which, after all, was more or less true.  

This is not a sentence.  Aw, I’m just joshing you—it is a sentence after all.  

Sometimes, isn’t what we call Rhode Island really just another way of saying a small state in New England with its capital at Providence? 

Nowadays, of course, we realize Peter Pan suffered from anephebiosis, a rare disorder wherein the patient never undergoes puberty.  In later life he participated in Bono’s benefit concert for the victims of this tragedy. 

This sentence is a lie.  No, wait, not that one.  This one is a lie. 

The Wayans Brothers is a hoax—there’s no Damon, Shawn, or Marlon.  It’s just Keenan Ivory using trick photography.  Wake up, people, they used the same trick in The Parent Trap forty years ago!  Also, Jim Carrey is just a Claymation figurine.  In fact, pretty much the entire cast of In Living Color was one kind of doll or another, which is why they were never seen in the company of Jackie O—she had a debilitating fear of dolls, mannequins, androids, or other human simulacra. 

            These and other gems, contained within! 

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This vignette is dedicated to Little Richard.  Not the famous Little Richard—it’s dedicated to an even littler one.

Categories: Fiction, Writing | Leave a comment

Ashtabula

I awakened to the artificial voice from the grille overhead saying, “Next stop Ashtabula. Connections to the Great Withern Line and the Ember River.” The light outside was orange and the sun was the color of raw beef as the train pulled into the station.

The station, under bluish artificial light and overly air-conditioned, felt like a dream of a walk-in refrigerator, the travelers the butchered carcasses that hadn’t stopped moving. It was supposed to be comforting, I imagined, a contrast to the heat and ruddy light outside. There were very few windows, and of course no skylights — ashfall would have kept them permanently blocked and jammed any mechanism to clear them. I imagined great scraping blades, like windshield wipers, creaking more loudly with each swing until they finally fell still.

I crossed the station, past restaurants and banks, casinos and brothels, and the great escalators to the pneumatic local trains. Everything was shiny and fresh. The perpetual boomtown could afford to replace any part of its public face that began to look shabby or dated. It could afford a lot.

That was the gift of the Ember River, a perpetual magma flow that split the Withern Lands. Fuel for a million steam turbines, it fed the longest, narrowest nation on the map the way the Nile fed Egypt. And the lure of free power had populated an unlivable land. The daughter of greed and ingenuity, Ashtabula spread underground a kilometer deep, ten wide and thirty long, a carbuncle on the Ember’s sharpest bend.

I bought my ticket to the farry and waited for the next skimmer. The Ember wouldn’t tolerate a bridge, so one crossed on a carpet of steam.

The water table of the Withern Lands had given out long ago, but the free power made importing water worthwhile. Bets had been placed — with bankers, not bookmakers — on when Ashtabula would fail. Maybe the longer ones would pay off.

The ferry gate lit up and chimed, and the huge valve of the airlock opened. A hot wind rushed out with the disembarking passengers. Pink and sweating, they lumbered towards the ices stand near the gate. I would do the same at the outbank station, even though all the drinks here tasted metallic to me. It was a standard complaint of out-of-towners, along with the hotel housekeeping, the restaurant prices, and the air conditioning in the brothels always being set for maximum chill.

On board the skimmer, as soon as the wheels left the ramp and it started gliding on steam, the air heated up. They’d pumped it full of cold station air at the gate, but it didn’t last.

No windows in the passenger compartment. There wouldn’t be much to see but clouds of ash and steam, and the flying hot mud they gave birth to.

I needed caffeine. I should have grabbed a coffee ice at the inbank station. I’d get one at the outbank gate. I had hectares of factory to tour, and I’d need my best administrative hauteur to push past the official tour and actually gather useful data.

Two weeks until I could get out of this ridiculous place. “That’s the smell of money,” the locals liked to say when an out-of-towner complained. I knew money; it smelled like polished hardwood and ice-distilled wine, and thin slices of freshly killed raw meat. Ashtabula smelled like hot metal and burning insulation and freon, and the stink of boomtown greed.

Categories: Fiction, Flash, Locale exercise, Writing | Leave a comment

Pity Me: The Rough Guide

         No one knows anything about Pity Me because anthropologists refuse to study it.  I mean, who wants to spend three years studying a bunch of whiners?  At grad schools across the country, Pity Me ranks even lower in popularity than its neighboring regions of Nobody Likes Me or Everybody Hates Me.  Budding anthropologists even find it more congenial to go native in the wilds of I Guess I’ll Go Eat Worms.  Time and again, the scene plays out at our nation’s universities. 

         “Susan, I’m shipping out tomorrow, perhaps never to return.  This may be our last night together.  Won’t you give me something to remember you by?” 

         “Oh Tommy, I wish I could, but it’s just not possible.  Where are you being shipped off to?” 

         “Pity Me.” 

         “Oh, all right, we can do it, but no photographs.” 

         The few facts that we have about Pity Me come to us from the reports of explorers who never amounted to much after visiting Pity Me.  “Why bother exploring,” they would say, “if we’re all just going to die eventually?  In fact, I’ll probably be the first to go, with my luck.  I think I’m coming down with something right now, and look at this rash, it’s—” and the people they were talking to would excuse themselves, saying they have a pressing engagement that they entirely forgot about until right that second.  So very little was learned about Pity Me through them either. 

         Sometimes people escape from Pity Me, hiding their origins.  When other people ask where they are from, the people from Pity Me usually reply, “Cleveland, Ohio,” not realizing that for most people, this is functionally equivalent to saying, “Pity Me.”  With their diminished comprehension of social mores, the people from Pity Me can therefore never understand it when the people they are talking to suddenly, yes, excuse themselves by saying they have a pressing engagement that they entirely forgot about until right that second. 

           It was a man from Pity Me who devised the first practical room-temperature fusion reactor that could deliver cheap, virtually unlimited energy with no pollution or byproducts.  But then he threw the blueprints into the trash, because nothing every works out for him anyway. 

         People from Pity Me rarely write anything, but when they do it’s usually about Pity Me, because they really want people to understand what it’s like in Pity Me, and why everything is worse there,, and how the universe is conspiring to ruin their lives.  In fact, that the best way to tell if someone’s from Pity Me, is if he writes about Pity Me and uses the phrase “Pity Me” a lot.  They like to use the phrase “Pity Me” because they hope, futilely, that people will pity me.

Categories: Fiction, Flash, Locale exercise, Writing | Leave a comment

Flin Flon

Flin Flon splayed itself over the tundra like a comatose drunk. In another place, the buildings would never have been permanent structures. Whether it was a sheet metal wall patched with clapboard or a tarpaper roof held down by cement-filled tires nothing had been built to last and most of it looked like it hadn’t been touched in years. The airstrip and the dock were the only things that had seen regular use. In Flin Flon everything had been repaired.

A cloud of mosquitos thick enough to make into cakes was the first to greet Hercules Braeton. He was still numb from the engine vibration and sleep dep was setting in something fierce despite the handful of drugs George had given him. He tried to take a deep breath before running to shelter and got a mouthful of bugs.

The closest thing to the airstrip was the bar. It was named Bar. This far from civilization it was better not to pretend to own anything. Hercules knew Jordan, the owner, but he went in anyway.

“Betty still take overnighters?” he asked, first thing through the door.

Jordan looked up from his tv with slow eyes limned blue by the glow.

“Nope.”

Hercules coughed up a few more bugs and held his hands out.
“Anybody here can help?”

“Betty rode her shotgun outta town last winter. She took all the good feelings anybody had for you, Herc.”

He sat down next to the door and squeezed his face. With his numb hands it felt like touching a stranger.

“I’ll pay you fifty bucks if you let me sleep in this chair, Jordan.”

“Hand it over.”

He reached around and unlatched his wallet from the chain and threw it over the bar. “Take it,” he said. “Take it all. I don’t care.”

“You gonna be gone in the morning?” he asked, taking a stack of bills out of the wallet.

“Yeah. I’ll be gone, you won’t have to worry about seein’ my ugly face ever again.”

The barkeep nodded and went back to watching his TV.

Hercules looked out the hazy yellow window at the Hudson Bay. From the ground everything was flat and iron gray. The few white buildings outside stood like gravestones. He closed his eyes hoping sleep would steal him away but when he opened them again Jordan was still watching his TV and the sky was still the color of dirty snow.

“They took it from me, Jordan. The fuckers took it.”

“Eh.”

“You never cared about it. It was all down to me and Betty.”

“Pretty much,” the barkeep said without turning to look him in the eye. “She needed better’n you, Herc. Without her here no more, I don’t give a fig what happens to you and yours.”

“So you don’t care that I’m going back up there. Gotta see it one more time. Government’s called one of the oil companies to dig it up and take it outta here. Exxon or Shell. You don’t care about that?”

“They’re gonna dig it up? That’s crazier’n you!”

Jordan got up from his stool and poured out a glass of whiskey, tottering over to where Hercules was sitting.

“They took it, Jordan. Just took it.”

“I’m sorry,” he said handing over the glass. “Real sorry.”

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The goal of this exercise was to describe a place purely from its name, without using any prior knowledge or research.

Categories: Fiction, Flash, Locale exercise, Writing | Tags: , , | Leave a comment